Power-of-Two Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neurons for Event-Driven Vision-Language-Action Inference

Authors: Rui Liu , He Lv , Ziyao Zhang , Rui Ma , Rongxiang Nie

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Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong capabilities in robotic manipulation, yet their reliance on dense, continuous-valued computation presents a fundamental challenge for energy-constrained deployment. Inspired by the sparse, event-driven signaling and temporal integration mechanisms of biological neurons, a promising alternative is to introduce spiking computation into VLA models. However, enabling such computation without restructuring pretrained policies or compromising closed-loop control remains an open challenge. To address this challenge, we introduce the Power-of-Two Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (PoT-LIF) neuron, which emits signed spikes with power-of-two amplitudes. By combining magnitude-coded spike events with residual-preserving membrane dynamics, PoT-LIF enables continuous information to be progressively represented through discrete spikes. The Heartbeat formulation further localizes this process within weighted projections, bridging biologically inspired spiking computation and pretrained VLA architectures without modifying their external inference interfaces. We integrate PoT-LIF into the vision projection, vision-language projection, and action projection of $\pi_{0.5}$ and evaluate both operating modes over 2,000 paired closed-loop LIBERO episodes per configuration. Standard-mode PoT-LIF VLA achieves success rates of 96.90% and 96.35% at $T = 1$ and $T = 2$, respectively, while Heartbeat mode achieves 97.25% and 96.90% at $T = 2$ and $T = 4$, compared with 96.70% for the original continuous-activation $\pi_{0.5}$ baseline. At $T = 1$ with a 60.01% firing rate, PoT-LIF uses approximately 1/7.67 of the dense-reference arithmetic energy, corresponding to a modeled reduction of 86.95%.

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Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

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arXiv:2610.33658 [cs.AI]

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arXiv:2610.33658v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.33658

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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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From: He Lyu [ view email ]

[v1]

Sat, 24 Oct 2026 13:16:20 UTC (1,964 KB)

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